Physical Activity and Weight Loss Maintenance

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◆ 논문 초록 (Abstract)

Obesity constitutes a major public health concern around the globe, with serious medical, economic, and social consequences. The condition is associated with elevated risks of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, osteoarthritis, and all-cause mortality (see Image. Relative Mortality Risk by Body Mass Index). The World Health Organization identifies obesity as having a body mass index of or more than 30 kg/m², with recent data showing increasing prevalence. In the U.S., adult obesity increased from 30.5% during the years 1999 to 2000 to 42.4% in 2017 to 2018. The global burden of obesity has escalated markedly. A pooled analysis of 1,698 population-based studies encompassing 19.2 million adults found that worldwide obesity prevalence more than doubled between 1975 and 2014. High-income countries experienced particularly steep increases, although low- and middle-income countries are also increasingly affected. While obesity is multifactorial, a primary driver is an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Weight management involves more than calories in versus calories out. Dietary quality also plays a critical role. Plant-based diets, in particular, may support weight loss by enhancing satiety and regulating hormones. Additional contributors include physical inactivity, consumption of ultra-processed foods, sleep deprivation, psychological stress, and socioeconomic factors. Genetics, microbiome composition, and neuroendocrine feedback loops further modulate individual susceptibility to weight gain. Therefore, strategies for obesity prevention and treatment must be multifaceted and personalized, with emphasis on long-term behavioral and environmental interventions.

◆ 원문 정보
저자: Alyafei A, Balfour J, Keyes D
저널: PubMed
연도: 2026

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