Determining the half-life and turnover rate of EPA, n-3 DPA, and DHA in humans using the natural abundance of carbon-13: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial

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◆ 논문 초록 (Abstract)

UNLABELLED: Tools to measure omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) half-lives and turnover deserve attention as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play vital roles in the body. Plants/marine life vary in fixed carbon-13 signatures (δ 13C) allowing in vivo tracing. In this secondary analysis, δ13C is used to determine half-lives and turnover of n-3 PUFAs. METHODS: During a 28-day randomized crossover study (6-week wash-in/wash-out), 12 participants (19-34y) were supplemented with 4.2 g/d alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (flax oil) or 4.3 g/d DHA, 1.0 g/d EPA, and 0.2 g/d docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) (fish oil). Blood was collected (Days: 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28). Plasma n-3 PUFA δ13C signatures were analyzed by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) to calculate half-lives and turnover. RESULTS: δ13C signatures of flax oil ALA, and fish oil EPA, n-3 DPA and DHA were -33.2 ± 1.4, -26.3 ± 2.2, -26.2 ± 1.5 and -25.4 ± 1.3 mUr, respectively. Baseline signatures were not statistically different. Over time δ13C of EPA, n-3 DPA, and DHA converged toward the isotopic signature of the fish oil supplement (p < 0.05). Using δ13C signatures, half-lives of EPA, n-3 DPA, and DHA (3.4 ± 2.7, 6.4 ± 5.3, and 6.3 ± 8.9 days, mean ± SD, respectively) and turnover (61.9 ± 53.1, 6.0 ± 2.9, and 78.0 ± 44.5 nmol/ml/day, respectively) were calculated. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate n-3 PUFA half-lives and turnover in humans using GC-IRMS and the natural variance of 13C in commercial fish oils. These results were similar to preclinical model values and other clinically used methods but adds the first estimate for n-3 DPA half-life and turnover. Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is a valuable tool in human studies for determining n-3 PUFA half-lives and turnover, and factors affecting them including diet, exercise, sex, genetics, and disease.

◆ 원문 정보
저자: Symington A, Wu D, Chen CT, Del Vecchio M, Zahradka P et al.
저널: Am J Clin Nutr
연도: 2026
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101311

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